More people are reading The guardian News more than ever; with a 16% increase in page views and 14% increase in browsers from 2016-2017. According to The Guardians' statistics, they reach 24.1 million views monthly, where as The Telegraph reach 23.1 million, The Independent 17.3 and The Times 8. The Guardian also influences 13.6 million views weekly and 4.8 million daily.  Additionally, their personal readers completed a survey about their journalism; 87% trust what they read, 84% feels a close connection, 82% believes that it offers them an aspect they can't get anywhere else, and finally 98% states reading their news is time well spent. They typically target a well-educated, relatively young, predominantly male and liberal audience centred around London. 52% of Guardian readers are male, and the average reader is 44. 

Online News:

Top Five Stories on The Daily Mail and The Guardian:

Daily Mail:

- PM agrees pact with EU that says Britain will be able to strike trade deals around the world.

- Nurse is stabbed.

- 15 year old daughter advertised her secret party and her house got wrecked.

- Mother and son went missing trying to find her car at a reservoir.

- Key less car can be stolen in 23 seconds.

The Guardian:

- PM agrees pact with EU that says Britain will be able to strike trade deals around the world.

- Illness costs UK £94bn a year, OCED report says.

- Police missed chances to prevent Manchester arena attack.

- Man killed on remote Indian island tried to 'declare Jesus' to tribe.

- US-Israeli man jailed for 10 years over bomb hoax calls.

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Both The Guardian and Daily Mail have the same headline outlining the pact with EU. 

Comments: 

The Daily Mail:

- 'She is rubbish, both as Home Secretary and PM. Far too timid. We should have cloned Margaret Thatcher.'

- 'Yeah its called World Trade organisation.'

- Mrs May was a Conservative Party activist at the age of 12. Her life has been getting sadder by the day ever since. Give it up Theresa.

- 'Fake news.'

The Guardian:

- 'Weakness is her strength.'

- 'What else have we conceded then?'

Most of the newspapers comments were negative towards Brexit. This is because recently Brexit have been developing issues, and The Prime Minister is 'under fire'; due to wanting to go through a weak deal. Therefore, as a result, hatred from left and ring wing people has sparked; everyone is against Brexit, constantly commenting abusive and opinionated responses towards this article. 

why have news paper sales declined

• Print sales have declined for a number of reasons, for example the internet; it is responsible for the demise of the newspaper industry, due to technology evolving and growing, leaving minimal interest in print newspapers. Additionally, the web has made the advertising market more competitive, which has driven down rates and, in turn, revenues. However, this has been a growing problem over years, not just recently. Television's arrival in the 1950's began the decline, as it brought the news to the consumer faster and in more visual style than newspapers, which is constrained by their physical format and their physical manufacturing and distribution. Nevertheless, despite recognizing this, the internet is not only the main reason; cultures change, as well as lifestyles, work and demographics. Subsequently, newspapers have been forced to cut costs; with labor costs constituting 50% of newspapers expenses and staffing was the first to go. Between 2001 and 2009, daily newspapers reduced overall newsroom staff by 25%, resulting in a fall of journalists and passion in our population. 

• Faced with these challenges, the newspapers had to adapt. So, they created online editions - most are free - which are easily accessible on the go, easy to read and enables the news feed to be received effectively fast that are provided on laptops, tablets and mobile phones. Resulting in a ridiculous rise in online technology and accessibility, figures show that 55% of adults use the internet to read or download content from papers, broadcasters and online-only websites. Moreover, websites such as Facebook and twitter have become ubiquitous part of the life of young people, with 93% of 16-24-year-olds using social networking sites. 

• Social networking platforms have completely changed the media landscape for not only the journalists, but also the audience. For example, due to having access to the world from your personal account (by using the World Wide Web) new sources are now not just those who are experts in the topic at hand, but at regular citizens who may have been at the scene of the news and uploaded footage from their phones to Facebook, twitter etc. 

• Participatory media has also changed due to readers being able to comment on articles and have debates with other readers, voicing their opinion. Additionally,  there has been a huge rise in the number of citizen journalist and it is constantly growing.  Relationships between writers and audiences are also much closer. Writers take into account audiences opinions and reactions to better improve their journalism and cater to their audience.

daily mail info

• established in 1896- refers to tradition 
• loyal supporters of the British Royal Family 
• outspoken right wing political ideology (brexit)
• owned by Daily Mail and Genral Trust 
• 1.25 million print circulation
• research Geordie Greig 
• talks to regions not the urbans, older demographics, average age 50. 
• changed from Paul Dacre to Geordie Greig, who allegedly is 'slightly softening' the news papers hardline on brexit
• however the daily mail historically and now has a right wing editional stance
• C1, C2, D - middle aged, middle england, aspirational middle class, working class 35+ with significant 55+ print readership but younger online

tabloid vs broadsheet

Questions:	Daily Mirror	The Guardian
Who was involved?	-       The twins (one-year-old Gabriel and Maria) -       Bidhya Sagar Das, 33 (the supposed dad) -       Cristinela Das, 28 (the mum)	A one-year-old child who was killed in hammer attack his father who has been accused for the killing the child’s twin sister who was rushed to hospital after
What happened?	-       One-year-old Gabriel was pronounced dead and the sister remains in a critical condition. -       The dad was arrested last night on suspicion of murder and attempted murder. -       Neighbours said the children’s mother ran into the street screaming -       Forensic officers were seen collecting a hammer from the property.	A father attacked his one-year-old son killing him and leaving his twin sister with severe head injuries. Both children were rushed to  east end hospital where the boy was declared dead.
Where did it happen?	Hackney, North London.	Finsbury park north London
When did it happen?	11.10pm on Saturday (18.03.17)	18th of march 2017
How did it happen?	A man has been held over a suspected HAMMER attack on twin toddlers.	Still to be confirmed
Why did it happen?	Still to be confirmed	Still to be confirmed
What do you notice about the difference in content and how the articles convey this information? Why do you think that is?	-       A myriad of pictures -       Title is less understated (more dramatic) -       Covers more content -       Emotive words -       Daring titles that includes a lot of information. However not a lot of text.	The guardian shows no graphic images or doesn’t go into detail about motives Lots of text with

industry research

• I personally believe that the net circulation and aggregate advertising expenditure figures are equal to about half of their 2007; due to the technological advancement and demand for the news digitally. Subsequently, this is killing the hard copies of news and sales, as customers believe that reading the news is easy and more straight forward for this generation.  
• The ABC (Aubit Bureau of circulations) is a non-profit circulation-auditing organisation. It certifies and audits the circulations of major publications, including newspapers and magazines. They deliver industry-agreed standards for media brand measurement of print publications, digital channels and events.
• In my opinion, I think Sunday papers sell the best out of all the days during the week (including Saturday) as our population have more availability, more free time and usually don't work on a Sunday. Additionally, The Sunday Newspaper includes a different aspect to the normal paper during the week, as it holds diverse information and quality. This makes it more relaxing and comforting, especially on a Sunday. 

• The leading Broadsheet is The Daily Telegraph (sells 1101 daily copies) 
• The leading Tabloid is The Sun (sells 3417 daily copies) 
• The leading Mid Market is The Daily Mail (sells 2974 daily copies)

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These newspapers use various pictures, headlines and content to attract and engage their specific audience. 

• The Guardian Media group is owned by the Scott Trust, a private company whose core purpose is to ensure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian, the papers values are to be honest, fair and bring integrity to the reader. This is shown through the investment of over £1 billion, then with most profits they reinvest into journalism to deliver the best quality news to the audience.

• In digital distribution, I personally believe the most important brand identity has to be about online websites, as people who commute and other people who have technological devices (for example laptops and tablets) that may not be able to download an application and therefore will be easier for them to access the internet. 

• According to research by The European Broadcasting Union, The UK newspapers appear to be the least trusted in Europe. It carried out surveys of 1000 members of the public in each of 33 European countries for its Trust in Media report. The Uk by far the least trusted 'written press' of any European country.

• The Independent Press Standards Organisations are the regulators for most of the Uk's newspapers and magazines. They hold newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, protect individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and maintain freedom of expression for the press. They make sure that member newspapers and magazines follow the editors code.

• Print display advertising revenue for the national UK newspapers has grown for the first time in more than seven years, according to a new report on ad expenditure. Display ads in national titles saw revenue growth of 1% year on year in the first quarter of 2018, putting it at a total of £152.6m for the period. Within tabloids print display advertising grew by 3% year on year.

hard and soft news

Hard news is the kind of fast-paced news that usually appears on the front page of newspapers. Stories that fall under the umbrella of hard news often deal with topics like business, politics and international news.

Eg:

* Celebrity Gossip 

* Sport

* Entertainment News 

* Fashion News

* Art and Culture

* Human interest stories

Soft News:

Soft news is defined as those organisations that primarily deal with commentary, entertainment, arts and lifestyle. Soft media can take the form of television programs, magazines or print articles.

Eg:

* Politics

* Business and the Economy 

* Industry and Technology

* Science

* War and Conflict 

* Health 

* Education 

* World Events 

guardian statistics

24.1 million monthly total reaches
13.6 million  weekly reaches
4.8 million daily forms



target audience , mainly students as it is free on campus

George gerbner ,

George gerbner , the cultivation theory
the idea that the repetition of images and stories shape our belief 

newspaper comparison

Who was involved?

.A one year old child who was killed in hammer attack

.his father who has been accused for the killing

.the child’s twin sister who was rushed to hospital after

What happened?

A father attacked his one year old son killing him and leaving his twin sister with severe head injuries. Both children were rushed to  east end hospital where the boy was declared dead.

Where did it happen?

Finsbury park north London

When did it happen?

18^th of march 2017

How did it happen?

Still to be confirmed

Why did it happen?

Still to be confirmed

What do you notice about the difference in content and how the articles convey this information? Why do you think that is?

The guardian shows no graphic images or doesn’t go into detail about motives

Lots of text with 

Connotation

Connotation

Connotation- What we understand from an image

Denotation

Denotation- What we see when we look at an image

https://youtu.be/O7FtdC4MiVw

Broadsheets vs Tabloids

Broadsheets

- More detailed

- 25% images 75% text

- Plainer Layout

- More formal

- Simple font

- More trustworthy 

Tabloids

- Less detailed

- More images

- Larger font

- More colorful

- Pun titles

- One main headline

- Gossip

HYBRID GENRE 
A cross-genre (or hybrid genre) is a genre in fiction that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres. As opposed to the (literary and political) conservatism of most genre fiction, cross-genre writing offers opportunities for opening up debates and stimulating discussion.

Stuart hall
oppositional readings=reading the opposite to what the media intended
negotiated readings=the media knows people  will see adverts different so the allow

 Steve Neale
A film genre is a motion picture category based on similarities in either the emotional response to the film (namely, tragic, comic, etc.) or the narrative elements. Most theories of film genre are borrowed from the literary world. The basic genres include fiction and documentary, from which sub genres have emerged, such as docudrama. 

Stuart hall , reception theory 

Opposition: when an audience reads a text in the opposite way the media intended to.
Negotiated: audience is allowed  to bring their own experience alongside the medias intentions. 
Preferred readings: when an audience reads a text in the way that the media intended it to. 

Stuart Hall believes in stereotypes and that they are often negative and are the result from inequality. 

HEGEMONIC POWER:  dominant groups in society controlling those less powerful. 

D disability 
R representation

C class
A age
G gender
E ethnicity 
S sexuality

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